Your Mac would back up when the drive is connected. You can also choose to perform manual backups instead. To do this, open Time Machine’s settings screen and toggle Time Machine to “Off.” You can then click the Time Machine icon on the menu bar and select “Back Up Now” to perform a manual backup at any time. Method B – If you want to make a full backup: Enter the Disk Utility tool. Select the Disk that you want to back up. In the menu bar select File New Image Image from “mydisk”. Select your options. You may want to compress the image to save some space on the backup disk. Press Save and wait.
The command line—that hidden world of code behind your Mac’s pretty face—sometimes offers a quicker way to do everyday tasks. You’ve learned how to navigate files and folders with the command line and get help when you need it from man pages. Here, I’ll show you how to copy and move files, common operations that often come in handy. I’ll also show you how to create directories (that’s Unix-speak for folders), so you can move files to new places.
Why bother with the command line?
It’s certainly easy to copy and move files in the Finder, but there are a number of reasons why you might want to do this from the command line instead:
The difference between copying and moving files
If you’re in the Finder, and you drag a file from, say, your Desktop to your Documents folder, or any other folder on the same disk or volume, you move the file. The file is no longer on the Desktop, and is found only in the Documents folder. However, if you drag a file from your Desktop to an external hard disk, you’ll see that the file remains in its original location; this file has been copied. (You may know that you can copy a file in the Finder, even on the same hard disk, by holding down the Option key when you drag it.)
The same is the case from the command line. There are two commands for moving and copying:
mv and cp . The first does the same as dragging a file to a new location on the same hard disk; the second does what an Option-drag does, or what happens when you drag a file to a different disk or volume.
How to copy files
Copying files with the
cp command is simple. First, launch Terminal (in your /Applications/Utilities folder). Then, use the following syntax to create your command:
cp source destination
For example, to copy a file named MyFile.rtf from your Desktop folder to your Documents folder, you would type in the following command in Terminal and then press Return:
cp ~/Desktop/MyFile.rtf ~/Documents
You’ll now have a file named MyFile.rtf on your Desktop, and a copy of that file in your Documents folder.
You’ll remember from “Master the command line: Navigating files and folders” that the tilde (~) symbol is a shortcut for your Home folder, which contains your Documents folder. This command takes the file at the precise path you specify as the source argument, and moves it to the directory (folder) which is the destination. Note that if there’s no file there, or if you type the name incorrectly, Terminal will give you a 'No such file or directory' error.
You can also copy directories, including all the files they contain. This uses a special “flag” or “option” with the
cp command : the -R or recursive flag. When you use options with commands, this additional letter—always preceded by a hyphen (-)—tells the command to do something a bit differently. The recursive option tells the cp command to copy every item in the folder: every sub-folder, every file and folder in every sub-folder, and so one, all the way down, to the new location. So you can copy a directory from your Desktop to your Documents folder like this:
cp -R ~/Desktop/MyFolder /Documents
How to move files
You’ve probably guessed that the
mv command works in the same way. But there are two ways you can use the mv command. The first moves a file to a different disk or volume; remember, just as in the Finder, copying a file to a different volume won’t delete the original, whereas moving will. So you could issue this command to move a file from your Desktop to a folder on a backup disk:
You can also move directories with the
mv command. The syntax is the same, and you don’t need the -R flag as you do with the cp command.:
mv ~/Desktop/MyFolder /Volumes/Backup
How to copy or move multiple files
One of the great things about the command line is the way you can use wildcards to simplify commands. For example, if you want to copy all the .rtf files (Rich Text Files) from your Desktop to your Documents folder, you can use the asterisk (*) wildcard:
cp ~/Desktop/*.rtf ~/Documents
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You can use the same wildcard with the
mv command to move multiple files.
How to rename files
The
mv command also lets you quickly rename files. What you do is essentially move a file to the same location, but change its name. If you specify a name for its destination, the mv command changes the file’s name when it moves the file. You can change a file name like this:
mv ~/Desktop/MyFile.rtf ~/Desktop/MyFile-old.rtf
This is a valuable tool for troubleshooting; you can use this to create a backup copy of a file, such as a preference file, in case you need it again. But you can also use this renaming method simply because you want to rename a file.
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You can also copy a file with
cp and change its name. In this case, you need to specify not just a destination directory, but also a name for the file:
cp ~/Desktop/MyFile.rtf ~/Documents/MyFile1.rtf
How to create directories (a.k.a. folders)
Here’s one final command that may come in handy:
mkdir , the make directory command. This is very useful when you need to make a bunch of folders in one fell swoop, say for a new project you’re starting. First use the cd (change directories) command to move into the directory where want to create a new directory. Once you’re there, run this command:
mkdir MyDirectory
You can use any name for the directory (for instance, “Hot Project” or “TPS Reports”), and you can make multiple directories with a single command:
mkdir MyDirectory1 MyDirectory2 MyDirectory3
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With these three simple commands--
mv , cp , and mkdir —you’ll be able to copy and move files, as well as create directories to hold files anywhere in your Mac’s file system. As you become proficient with these commands, you’ll see how easy they are to use.
You can use Time Machine, the built-in backup feature of your Mac, to automatically back up all of your files, including apps, music, photos, email, documents, and system files. When you have a backup, you can restore files from your backup if the original files are ever deleted from your Mac, or the hard disk (or SSD) in your Mac is erased or replaced.
Create a Time Machine backup
To create backups with Time Machine, all you need is an external storage device. After you connect the device and select it as your backup disk, Time Machine automatically makes hourly backups for the past 24 hours, daily backups for the past month, and weekly backups for all previous months. The oldest backups are deleted when your backup disk is full.
Connect an external storage device
Connect one of the following external storage devices, sold separately. Learn more about backup disks that you can use with Time Machine.
Select your storage device as the backup disk
When you connect an external drive directly to your Mac, you might be asked if you want to use the drive to back up with Time Machine. Select Encrypt Backup Disk (recommended), then click Use as Backup Disk.
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An encrypted backup is accessible only to users with the password. Learn more about keeping your backup disk secure.
How To Do A Manual Backup Using Terminal In Mac Os X
If Time Machine doesn't ask to use your drive, follow these steps to add it manually:
If the disk you selected isn't formatted as required by Time Machine, you're prompted to erase the disk first. Click Erase to proceed. This erases all information on the backup disk.
![]() Enjoy the convenience of automatic backups
After you select a backup disk, Time Machine immediately begins making periodic backups—automatically and without further action by you. The first backup may take a long time, depending on how many files you have, but you can continue using your Mac while a backup is underway. Time Machine backs up only the files that changed since the previous backup, so future backups will be faster.
To start a backup manually, choose Back Up Now from the Time Machine menu in the menu bar. Use the same menu to check the status of a backup or skip a backup in progress.
Learn moreHow To Do A Manual Backup Using Terminal In Mac Safe Mode
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